Unemployment and how to tackle unemployed in india

 Unemployment 

What should be done?

India is a country full of immense potential for economic development. The pace of development of the country so far has also been good.What is needed now is to focus on inclusive and sustainable development.While creating abundant employment opportunities.

This is possible only when our economic policies are made keeping in mind the huge population of our country so that every one can get employment.

 In this regard, first of all the problems prevailing in the agriculture sector and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) should be removed. Promotion of food processing in agriculture, expansion of irrigated area Doing. Initiating the Second Green Revolution and Horticulture Mission It will be helpful in fulfilling the goals of• 

Just like that. Ensuring easy access to loans in the MSME sector.Simplifying regulation, promoting technological up-gradation,ensuring access to the market for their products, etc.will prove to be effective in creating employment opportunities.•

 The second major effort in this regard should be made in the form of accelerating the pace of development of human resource. A big initiativein this direction should be taken from education that we should make quality changes in the overall structure of education and the curriculum should be made job oriented.

Comprehensive structure for providing skill training required for employment will have to be created. At the same time, better exploitation of the potential of human resource has to be focused by improving the health sector infrastructure. 

Along with the development of human resource, we have to accelerate the pace of development of physical infrastructure. Doing this will prove to be helpful in accelerating the economy, as well as solving the problem on the employment front to a great extent.

The third major effort to improve employment generation should be in the form of giving priority to the development of rural economy. By providing facilities like education, health, electricity, road, transport and communication etc.in the villages, we can also make it an engine of economic development and also provide employment to the people.

 In this regard we need to adopt the 'PURA' model of former President Dr.Abdul Kalam. By making villages the center of economic activities, we will be able to make additional people engaged in agriculture, partners in other economic activities, which will reduce the burden on agriculture and people will also get employment at the local level, which will also accelerate inclusive development

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Another major effort in relation to employment generation should be related to taking the possibilities arising out of the people in the new economic sectors. 

World fourth industrial revolution We are passing through an era in which the digital world is expand in rapidly. Research and development work is going on at a rapidly in new areas like Big Data, Cloud Computing and Block chain Technology.We should not just be a witness to this change, but adopt it and become a participant in it and should be benefited.

Conclusions

Ultimately it can be said that India may not be caught in any major job crisis, but the employment crisis has definitely increased. While accepting this truth, we should focus on identifying its root causes and removing them quickly.

We are also able to do this by revising our economic policies from time to time and making them job-oriented and by leveraging the possibilities emerging in new economic areas in our Country In The World.

Unemployment and challenges to generate an employment in india

 Unemployment

Development brings about two kinds of changes in the lives of the people- increase in the income of the employed people and employment of the unemployed people where as in spite of rapid economic growth in India progress on both the fronts has been slow. These aspects were also accepted in the Economic Survey.After the financial crisis of 2008, the country's export situation improved, which increased the amount of employment in two sectors of the economy (cotton textile industry and information technology).   But the current scenario is such that both these sectors are neither able to help in exports nor  employment. The position of other components of the economy is also mixed.The manufacturing sector has improved but the Gross Value Added (GVA) of this sector has steadily declined. The condition of the textile sector, which is the largest employer after agriculture, is also not good. Not only this, there is also a crisis in the information technology and BPO sector.This sector is already in crisis due to domestic and international pressures and with it increasing automation is also holding back employment growth.  Startups are not getting venture capital and the lending capacity of banks is sluggish due to rising NPAs.Due to the above reasons, employment growth is being affected, making it even more challenging to achieve the goal of financial inclusion and inclusive growth.

Challenges of generate employment in india

The Indian economy is growing rapidly, but the level of employment remains a problem.

The challenges at the level of employment generation are due to

• Concentration of economic activities in big cities only
• Lack of diversification in economic activities
• Decrease in the quality of education and training
•  Less importance to the rural economy •
• Development of new areas not being done at the expected level

The contribution of the service sector in the economy should be more,while the development of industries should be more in the states with more population.

 Challenges analysed on the basis of above points Is. That situation of employment is when many programs like 'Make in India' and 'Skill India' are being run by the government for employment generation. Apart from this, major schemes like National Rural Employment Program, Integrated Development Programme, Jawahar Rozgar Yojana,Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana, Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana, MahatmaGandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MNREGA) are already being run.

Tackling challenges

Rural unemployment is currently the highest, but it can be converted into opportunity. But this will be possible only when people will be given training in modern technology in relation to farming, horticulture,animal husbandry, plantation, repair of agricultural machinery etc.and rural construction programs will be expanded. Waste land will be brought under agriculture. This will increase the amount of employment in rural areas. The demand for good seeds, fertilizers and machinery has increased in the country. Many people can get employment in the work of selling and supplying them. It would be better if the Central and State Governments expand the Skill India Centers in rural areas. This will encourage weaving, mechanics, operation and handicrafts and employment opportunities will be created. Youth also get opportunity to improve their career in medical, real estate, education and training, IT,manufacturing, banking and other financial services etc., but this will be possible only when public and private sector will increase investment in it.IT new development centers are opened in small towns, it will lead to decentralisation of industrial structure and make the economy more self-sufficient. So far, grants and incentives are given only on the basisof production. It would be better to change this base and give them on the basis of providing employment opportunities.

Apart from this, if the banking group expands in rural areas, lakhs of people can get employment here. Similarly, in the health sector, the government can generate employment by promoting investment. Even today there is a severe shortage of health centers in rural areas. If the government expands these, then not only will employment be created but people living in remote areas will also get health benefits. The development of small industries is most important for increasing employment. According to economists, by investing the same amount of capital in small scale industries employ five times more people than large industries. Unemployment is not just an economic problem. It is a matter that is equally concerned with crime control and social peace. If unemployment continues to rise, it will erupt in the form of dissatisfaction.

Human Development Meaning

   Human Development

• Investment in human resources is a pre-requisite for a healthy and productive nation building a nation. Being a developing economy, India does not have enough financial space to increase expenditure on important social infrastructure like education and health. However, in view of the limited resources, the Government has consistently accorded priority to the strengthening of the educational and health status of the people.

• education The Government of India is committed to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals for Education by 2030 in terms of “ensuring inclusive and quality education for all categories of students and promoting life long learning”. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 was enacted in 2010 with the objective of achieving this, which provides for a just legal framework and free and compulsory admission to primary education for all children in the age group of 6-14 years, Entitlement to attendance and primary education. It provides children the right to an appropriate quality education based on equity and non-discriminatory principles. 

• India has improved enrollment rates,completion rates and school enrollment rates at the primary level.Significant progress has been made in quantitative indices like building/classroom, other physical infrastructure like drinking water facilities, toilet facilities and appointment of teachers etc. 

• Apart from quantitative indicators, the quality of education also needs to be monitored and evaluated.

• The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 Student-teachers in both primary and upper primary schools women's.

• Sets guidelines for maintaining standards and norms relating to ratio, building and infrastructure, school working days, working hours of teachers. Some studies have discussed the effects of PTR on learning attainment extensively and claimed that SCR (Student Classroom Ratio-SCR) and PTR had positive effects on school participation and grade attainment.

• Gender inequalities in enrollment in higher education still persist, with the government constantly striving to improve the net entry rate of women in higher education. As a result of the continuous efforts of the Government through programs like 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao', the GPI at the primary and secondary levels of enrollment has improved substantially.

• The 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' scheme has been started to promote the life, protection and education of the girl child. Its objective is to address the issue of declining child sex ratio through a comprehensive campaign aimed at changing the social mindset. Launched in 2015, this scheme is a joint effort of three ministries namely Women and Child Development, Health and Family Welfare and Human Resource Development.

Factors affecting economic growth and economic development 

(1):-Natural resources (land, soil, minerals) are one of the main factors affecting the development of any economy. Abundance and quality of natural resources is essential for economic development.

(2):-Capital formation is a process by which the savings of a community are used for investment in capital goods, such as plants, land, machines, which increase the production capacity of the country and the efficiency of workers. Often, when a large part of the national income is saved and reinvested, the pace of economic development accelerates.

(3):-The rate of industrialization should also be high for rapid economic growth. As the level of industrialization in a country increases, new employment opportunities will be created and production will continue to increase in the same proportion.

(4):- The role of the service sector in the economy is important.Presently the service sector is contributing about 50 percent of India's GDP. New employment opportunities are created in the service sector and due to this, there is a continuous increase in GDP.

(5):- Technological advancement is a very important factor in influencing economic growth.With the use of good technology, it becomes possible to produce more with the help of given resources to produce enough with less quantity of resources.

(6):- The rate of economic growth also depends on the nature of the economy.Today the private sector plays an important role in the capitalist economy.The availability of resources in the economy increases with the help of private sector and foreign investment. This results in an increase in the rate of capital formation and investment.

(7):-Political stability and strong governance are essential and help full in economic growth. This increases the confidence of investors and attracts domestic and foreign capital.

(8):-Population is an important factor in economic development.Labor is available for production work from human beings. If the labor force in a country is efficient, then its production capacity will definitely be high.

What is Energy Security and why the needs of India Energy Security

 Energy security

Is the un interrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price. Energy security is like an umbrella whose shadow includes many issues, such as economic growth, sustainable and inclusive growth, standard of living and consumption level of resources. etc. 

                                                 There are many dimensions related to  energy security, including long term energy security, short term energy security, commercial energy security and non-commercial energy security etc.

      Energy security.Energy Security It is the corner stone of any country's progress. The per capita energy consumption in a country is an indicator of its standard of living. Energy is necessary for industrial development Energy availability and energy security will be helpful for present as well as for future construction.

Why the need for energy security in India?

Affordable and sustainable energy availability is a basic requirement of modern industries and civilization and is essential for the progress of the country.

Hence the need for energy security can be understood from the following points-

• To ensure industries and economic development in India

• Energy consumption and energy availability reflect the standard of living of a country, so in order to raise the standard of living of the population of India

• To meet the needs of sustainable development

• To tackle the challenges of clean development and climate change

• At present the energy dependence is dependent on conventional energy sources.To continue the power supply uninterrupted after they are exhausted

• To maintain an affordable and sustainable supply of energy.

• India imports essential energy. It is expected to increase further in the coming years. To reduce this import-dependence.

What is The Central Bank

 DEFINITION OF A CENTRAL BANK

A central bank has been defined in terms of its functions. According to Vera Smith, "The definition of central banking is a banking system in which a single bank has either complete control residuary monopoly of note issue." W.A. Shaw defines a central bank as a bank which controls credit.

 Hawtrey, a central bank is that which is the lender of the last resort. According to A.C.L. Day, a central ba is "to help control and stabilise the monetary and banking system." According to Sayers, the central bank "is the organ of government that undertakes the major financial operations of the government and by its conduct of these operations and by other means, influences the behaviour of financial institutions so as to support the economic policy of the government." Sayers refers only to the nature of the central bank as the government's bank. 

All these definitions are narrow because they refer only to one particular function of a central bank. primary or a On the other hand, Samuelson's definition is wide. According to him, a central bank "is a bank of bankers. Its duty is to control the monetary base.... and through control of this 'high-powered money' to control the community's supply of money." But the broadest definition has been given by De Kock in his book Central Banking. In his words, a central bank is "a bank which constitutes the apex of the monetary and banking structure of its country and which performs as best as it can in the national economic interest, the following functions:

(i) The regulation of currency in accordance with the requirements of business and the general public for which purpose it is granted either the sole right of note issue or at least a partial monopoly thereof.

(ii) The performance of general banking and agency for the state.

(iii) The custody of the cash reserves of the commercial banks.

(iv) The custody and management of the nation's reserves of international currency.

(v) The granting of accommodation in the form of re-discounts and collateral advances to commercial banks, bill brokers and dealers, or other financial institutions and the general acceptance of the responsibility of lender of the last resort.

(vi) The settlement of clearance balances between the banks.

 

Failures of Planning

(1):- The central theme of planning was the eradication of poverty, but a large part of India's population is still living below the poverty line.

(2):- Despite the creation of more and more employment opportunities during the schemes, the problem of unemployment has not reduced. The problems of educated unemployment, disguised unemployment and under-employment exist on a large scale in India.

(3):- Even today the development of infrastructure (which includes electricity,roads,dams, bridges, schools, universities, hospitals, railways, ports etc.) is insufficient in India.

(4):-Economic and social equality, the main goals of planning were accepted, but the irony is that the problem of inequality continued to deepen even during the period of planning.

(5):-There has been a tendency for people's real incomes to decrease due to ever-increasing inflation and due to this the gap in the economic divide between the rich and the poor has started widening.